Cyber-attacks Based on Legal Requirements and International Relations of Governments

International Relations and Cyber Attacks: Official and Unofficial Discourse

The potential for cyberwarfare is vast and is of concern to all nations, and national security defence. It appears that many countries are actively trying to protect their computer networks, whilst looking for ways that might bring down the networks of other countries, although this is not officially acknowledged. Bringing down another nations computer networks could give the attacking national...

Desirable Status of the Dental Curriculum Based on the National Requirements of Iran and International Experiences

Background & Objective: Dentistry is one of the branches of medical sciences, which should change in response to the needs of the community in the third millennium. The present study aimed to determine the desirable status of the dental curriculum based on the domestic requirements of Iran and international experiences. Materials and Methods: This was a qualitative, historical research. Using ...

Making Decisions about Legal Responses to Cyber Attacks

Estonia after the 2007 Cyber Attacks: Legal, Strategic and Organisational Changes in Cyber Security

At the time of the state-wide cyber attacks in 2007, Estonia was one of the most developed nations in Europe regarding the ubiquitous use of information and communication technology (ICT) in all aspects of the society. Relaying on the Internet for conducting a wide range of business transactions was and still is common practice. Some of the relevant indicators include: 99% of all banking done v...

An Ontology-Based Distributed Whiteboard to Determine Legal Responses to Online Cyber Attacks

Purpose – This paper aims to assist investigators and attorneys addressing the legal aspects of cyber incidents, and allow them to determine the legality of a response to cyber attacks by using the Worldwide web securely. Design/methodology/approach – Develop a decision support legal whiteboard that graphically constructs legal arguments as a decision tree. The tree is constructed using a tree ...